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<div class=Section1>
<h1 style='background:white'><b><font size=5 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:16.0pt'>Bicycle Highways: </span></font></b><span
class=h1subhead1><font size=4 face=Arial><span style='font-size:13.5pt'>Should
cities build specialized roadways for cyclists?</span></font></span><o:p></o:p></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><font size=2 color="#660033"
face=Georgia><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";
color:#660033;font-style:italic'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></i></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><font size=2 color="#660033"
face=Georgia><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";
color:#660033;font-style:italic'>By Tom Vanderbilt</span></font></i><font
size=1 color="#666666"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#666666'> Posted
Wednesday, June 30, 2010, at 1:11 PM ET</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center;background:white'><font
size=1 color=black face=Georgia><span style='font-size:7.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";
display:none;mso-hide:all;text-transform:uppercase'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>While
there have been any number of bicycle-related entries in <a
href="http://www.slate.com/id/2256666/hv/5491c97e-f445-402b-92d3-ee4472734f0f"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>Nimble Cities</span></font></a>, several readers have
proposed an idea that can essentially be described as "bicycle
highways." "I live in Chicago and take the L to work,"<em><i><font
face=Verdana><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'> </span></font></i></em>wrote one,<em><i><font face=Verdana><span
style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'> </span></font></i></em>"but
I'd rather ride my bike. A large problem with bicycling in cities is fear,
generated by the fragility of a 5-pound bicycle when faced with a 2,000-pound
car. To combat this fear, cities must develop or designate roadways
specifically for bikes."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Another
argued that bicycle rental programs, while a good way to seed networks, were
lacking: "Most people don't ride bicycles to work not because they're
difficult to store/lock up but because they are at a serious disadvantage <em><i><font
face=Verdana><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>safety-wise</span></font></i></em>. No bike helmet will protect you if
an SUV driver on a cell phone accidentally broadsides you!"<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>There
is hardly a major city in the world that is not trying to get more people on
bikes—ridership is up in cities ranging from Paris to New York—and
city planners the world over envision ever greater numbers of people on
bicycles in their long-term projections. The reasons are fairly obvious:
Bicycles lessen congestion while improving the health of the citizenry. Cycling
moreover has begun to seem a kind of indicator of overall urban health. A
recent and not atypical survey of the world's 25 most livable cities (by <em><i><font
face=Verdana><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
Arial'>Monocle</span></font></i></em> magazine) was stacked with Copenhagen,
Munich, Stockholm, and other cities that have invested heavily in cycling;
Portland, Ore., was one of two U.S. entrants. But the question of how to move
cycling forward is less clear. Among the hurdles are overcoming the <a
href="http://www.copenhagenize.com/2009/09/fear-of-cycling-01-essay-in-five-parts.html"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>culture of fear</span></font></a> that can surround
urban cycling (often for good reasons) and overcoming the almost inertial
political resistance to giving cycling road space at the expense (perceived or
real) of cars.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>But
the key, one could argue, is infrastructure. While the school of so-called
"vehicular cycling" argues that cycles should be treated as cars and
share the roads, this philosophy seems to be the result of (primarily American)
cyclists adapting by necessity to their harsh surroundings rather than the
sound basis of a widespread transportation shift. In the world's top cycling
cities, one finds not muscular riders harried and buffeted by passing cars, but
all manner of people—young, old, carrying groceries, carrying
kids—riding on networks that have been designed for them. In the
Netherlands, for example, where no new road is built without a provision for
cycles, cyclists ride on paths with a minimum width of 2.5 meters (which must
be 1.5 meters from the road), get their own green lights, and find parking (if
not always enough) at train stations and even bus stops. And even within the
cycling-happy Netherlands, as David <span class=SpellE>Hembrow</span> has
noted, the cities that have better infrastructure—and not necessarily the
<a
href="http://hembrow.blogspot.com/2010/02/effect-of-population-density-on-cycling.html"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>most densely populated</span></font></a>
ones—have higher cycling rates. And what's the annual cost of the world's
best cycling infrastructure? By <span class=SpellE>Hembrow's</span> estimates,
is roughly <a
href="http://hembrow.blogspot.com/2010/05/487-million-euros-for-cycling.html"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>30 <span class=SpellE>euros</span> for each Dutch
citizen</span></font></a>—well less than a tank of gasoline. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><a
name="page_start"></a><a name=p2></a><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>There have been many
protracted debates in the transportation world about what sort of facilities
are safest for cyclists (a picture that is complicated by the recent finding,
for example, that drivers seem to drive closer to cyclists <a
href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article6828100.ece"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>on streets with bike lanes</span></font></a> than
without). One thing that seems clear, however, is that cyclist safety tends to
improve as there are more cyclists. And the best way to get more cyclists is to
make them feel safer. And the way to make them feel safer is, many planners
argue, to provide separate facilities. "I do believe the separate facility
is the best," says Jacob Larson, a researcher at McGill University who
recently completed a study of Montreal's bicycle infrastructure. "Not only
in terms of actual safety performance but in terms of encouraging people who
are less likely to ride their bikes. These people shouldn't have to be some
kind of breakneck radicals that are really diehards—it should be a clear
and safe option, and I think separate facilities give the perception that it
is, and often do provide a truly safer alternative."<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=1
color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'>Article continues at: <a
href="http://www.slate.com/id/2258675/pagenum/all/#p2">http://www.slate.com/id/2258675/pagenum/all/#p2</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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