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<div class=Section1>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=department1><font size=1 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>the green lantern</span></font></span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<h1><b><font size=5 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:16.0pt'>Something
Old, Something New, Something Borrowed, Something Green<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<h2><font size=4 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>How to
pick an environmentally friendly gemstone.<o:p></o:p></span></font></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=author1><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>By Nina <span class=SpellE>Shen</span> <span
class=SpellE>Rastogi</span></span></font></span><font size=2 color="#cc0000"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#CC0000'><br>
<span class=dateline1><font color="#cc0000">Posted Tuesday, Aug. 3, 2010, at
7:05 AM ET </font></span></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>I'm
about to propose to my girlfriend, and I'd like to declare my love with a gem
that causes the least damage possible to the planet. How do I go about doing
that? </span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>In recent
years, consumers have learned to be wary about the political issues involved
with gemstones—like the "<a
href="http://www.amazon.com/Diamond-Two-Disc-Special-Leonardo-DiCaprio/dp/B00005JPGO"
target="_blank">blood diamonds</a>" that financed wars in Sierra Leone,
Angola, and the Democratic Republic of Congo or the <a
href="http://motherjones.com/politics/2010/03/burma-exploited-resources/rubies"
target="_blank">rubies</a> that support the military junta in Burma. But jewels
have environmental impacts as well as social ones, and ethical consumers should
consider both when buying their <span class=SpellE>bling</span>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>There are
two types of gem-mining operations: large industrial mines and small-scale,
informal digging sites. Most of the world's diamonds come from the former,
while the vast majority of colored gemstones—like rubies, sapphires, and
emeralds—come from the latter. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Big mines
can have correspondingly big impacts. They disturb wide swathes of land and
sometimes affect biodiversity in drastic ways. They may<strong><b><font
face="Times New Roman"> </font></b></strong>use a lot of water for processing
the gems, and the huge amounts of waste rock they produce can contribute to <u><a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_mine_drainage" target="_blank">acid
rock drainage</a></u>. (The average diamond in an engagement ring requires the
removal of <a href="http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/gemstones/environment.html"
target="_blank">200 million to 400 million times</a> its volume in rock.)
Meanwhile, the machines used to dig diamonds out of <span class=SpellE>kimberlite</span>
ore<strong><b><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></b></strong>can have hefty
carbon footprints. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Small-scale
mines, on the other hand, have the potential to be relatively low-impact, since
the process is so much simpler. But when they're poorly run, these small mines
can cause great damage, particularly if they're located in ecologically
sensitive areas. Washing gems in nearby rivers or streams can pollute those
waterways with silt and sediment, altering aquatic habitats. When laborers
flock to a site where gems have been found, forests are often cleared to create
more digging sites. Trees also come down for the sake of cooking fires, and
hunting can decimate local wildlife populations. Improper use of machinery can
lead to oil spills and excess greenhouse-gas emissions. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>It's
relatively easy to mitigate these consequences—if you can provide the
miners with adequate training and organizational support. But that's a tall
order, since thousands of such sites are scattered throughout the developing
world, where environmental regulations are often laxer to begin with. Big
mines, run by big corporations, are much easier to monitor and hold accountable
for their records on both environmental and human-rights issues.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Article
continues at URL: <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2262003/" target="_blank">http://www.slate.com/id/2262003/</a></span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:
12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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