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<div class=Section1>
<h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;background:white'><font size=6 color=black
face=Arial><span style='font-size:26.5pt;letter-spacing:.25pt'>Could
Yellowstone Power My Home?<o:p></o:p></span></font></h2>
<h1 style='margin-top:0in;background:white'><b style='mso-ansi-font-weight:
normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font size=4 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:13.0pt;font-weight:normal'>The pros and cons of geothermal
energy.<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><font size=2 color="#660033"
face=Georgia><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";
color:#660033;font-style:italic'>By <span class=byline-twitter>Nina Shen
Rastogi</span></span></font></i><font size=1 color="#666666"><span
style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#666666'>Updated Tuesday, Oct. 26, 2010, at 7:00
AM ET</span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><a
href="http://www.slate.com/id/2272326/"><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font
size=1 color="#0066cc" face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:
"Verdana","sans-serif";color:#0066CC;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:
normal;mso-no-proof:yes;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><img
border=0 width=252 height=195 id="Picture_x0020_1"
src="cid:image002.jpg@01CB7532.DA3879E0"
alt="Old Faithful. Click image to expand."></span></font></b></a></span></font><span
class=imagewrapper3><b><font size=1 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;
font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";font-weight:bold'>Old Faithful<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><strong><b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></b></strong></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;background:white'><strong><b><font
size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>I
recently took my family to Yellowstone, and the shooting geysers and </span></font></b></strong><font
size=2 face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'><a
href="http://dsc.discovery.com/convergence/supervolcano/supervolcano.html"
target="_blank"><strong><b><font color="#0066cc" face=Tahoma><span
style='font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;
text-underline:none'>supervolcano</span></font></b></strong></a> <strong><b><font
face=Tahoma><span style='font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>got me
wondering—can't we tap all that energy to produce electricity?</span></font></b></strong></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:110%;background:
white'><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:110%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";text-transform:uppercase'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:110%;background:
white'><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:110%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Theoretically, we could.
Super-hot water is the primary ingredient in <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/geothermal_basics.html"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>geothermal energy production</span></font></a> and
the earth beneath Yellowstone has it in spades, thanks to a massive, shallow
body of magma and plenty of snow and rain. However, the Geothermal Steam Act of
1970 puts national park lands off-limits to geothermal energy developers. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:110%;background:
white'><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:110%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>Even if it weren't
prohibited, there are compelling reasons to leave Yellowstone alone—like
its famous geysers, which could be damaged or even quenched by geothermal
energy development in and around the park. (Areas outside the park's borders,
however, <a href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/8195r5086281403t/"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>aren't protected as strongly</span></font></a>.)
Yellowstone contains half of the world's remaining geysers, making them a
precious scientific commodity. The park's hydrothermal features host one of the
planet's greatest concentrations of extremophiles, organisms that live in
environments at the extremes of heat, acidity, pressure, and so on. An estimated
99 percent of Yellowstone's extremophiles remain undiscovered, but the ones
we've found have been quite useful—<a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermus_aquaticus" target="_blank"><font
color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'>one bacterium</span></font></a>, for example, made modern DNA analysis
possible, while others help scientists theorize about life on other planets. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:110%;background:
white'><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:110%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>While drilling wells in
Yellowstone might not be a great idea, geothermal energy in general is very
promising. According to recent life-cycle analyses by <a
href="http://www.anl.gov/" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span
style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>Argonne National
Laboratory</span></font></a>, geothermal power plants emit between 18.7 grams
to 103 grams of CO<sub>2</sub>-equivalent per kilowatt-hour—polite little
hiccups compared with the 1,234.9 g/kWh belched out by coal or the 487 g/kWh by
natural gas. (Those figures include building and running the power plants as
well as extracting the fuel.) Unlike conventional coal-fired plants, geothermal
plants emit <a
href="http://www1.eere.energy.gov/geothermal/geopower_cleanair.html"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>very little sulfur dioxide and no nitrogen oxides</span></font></a>,
which are the <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2225509/"><font color="#0066cc"><span
style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>precursors of
acid rain</span></font></a>. And unlike wind or solar power installations,
geothermal power doesn't fluctuate with the weather. Last year, the United
States' 77 geothermal power plants produced <a
href="http://www.eia.doe.gov/aer/txt/ptb0802a.html" target="_blank"><font
color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'>15.2 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity</span></font></a>, or about
0.4 percent of the U.S. total—more than any other nation in the world.
(Wind machines generated 70.8 billion kWh of electricity, and solar 0.8 billion
kWh.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt;line-height:110%;background:
white'><font size=2 color=black face=Tahoma><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
line-height:110%;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>But as with any big
industrial project, geothermal energy production also carries some
environmental risks. The biggest issues revolve around water. Brackish waters
drawn from deep underground are sometimes laced with toxic substances like
mercury, so power producers have to be very careful with how they store and
dispose it.<strong><b><font face=Tahoma><span style='font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>
</span></font></b></strong>To cool their <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_fluid" target="_blank"><font
color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:
none'>working fluid</span></font></a>, some geothermal power plants withdraw
large amounts of surface water. In areas where fresh water is scarce, these
plants may compete with farms and homes that need water for irrigation,
bathing, and the like—but that's <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/18/business/energy-environment/18iht-rencal.html?_r=1&sq=power%20water&st=cse&scp=1&pagewanted=all"
target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:
none;text-underline:none'>a problem for other kinds of power plants, as well</span></font></a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#0f243e" face="Lucida Sans"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#0F243E'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#0f243e" face="Lucida Sans"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#0F243E'>Article continues at: </span></font><font
size=2 color="#0f243e" face="Lucida Sans"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;
font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";
color:#0F243E'><a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2271717/?wpisrc=eDialog">http://www.slate.com/id/2271717/?wpisrc=eDialog</a><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#0f243e" face="Lucida Sans"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#0F243E'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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