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link="#3333CC" vlink="#999999" style='tab-interval:.5in'>
<img src="cid:image001.gif@01CB79B0.1755B910"
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<div class=Section1>
<div style='mso-element:para-border-div;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
padding:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'>
<p class=MsoNormal style='border:none;mso-border-bottom-alt:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
padding:0in;mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 1.0pt 0in'><span class=department1><b
style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font size=2 color="#e36c0a" face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#E36C0A;text-transform:none;font-weight:bold;
mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>For Halloween this year, I got a big bowl, filled
up half with candy, filled up the other half with toys from Happy Meals I had
saved, and gave trick-or-treaters a choice.<span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>Needless to say, the toys were a big hit
and word got around fast to other kids in the neighborhood!<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></span></p>
</div>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=department1><font size=1 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:9.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=department1><font size=1 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:9.0pt'>the green lantern</span></font></span> <o:p></o:p></p>
<h1><b><font size=5 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:16.0pt'>Black
and Orange and Green<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<h2><font size=4 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Can
fun-size candy bars be good for the environment?<o:p></o:p></span></font></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=author1><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>By Jacob Leibenluft</span></font></span><font size=2
color="#cc0000"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#CC0000'><br>
<span class=dateline1><font color="#cc0000">Posted Tuesday, Oct. 28, 2008, at
7:04 AM ET </font></span></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Trick
or treat! Halloween has always been one of my favorite holidays, and now my son
is old enough to be excited about it, too. But lately I've been feeling a
little frightened by the environmental impact of all those plastic bats and
fun-size candy bars. What's a green Halloween-lover to do?</span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Halloween
may offer the Lantern a chance to dress up as his <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Lantern" target="_blank">namesake</a>,
but it doesn't provide many other opportunities for the eco-conscious. Any
holiday that involves creating a ridiculous costume that you're going to wear
exactly once while you gorge on prepackaged junk food is not exactly
tailor-made for going green.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Let's
start with the reason for the season: all that candy. Diets rich in sugary
foods are typically considered less eco-friendly than those with modest
amounts; in Sweden, for example, a <a
href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VP6-4DM4TCX-1&_user=186797&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=186797&md5=fdef983862a4f37e5b6772ecac4a5b77"
target="_blank">model diet</a> crafted by a team of environmental scientists
suggested consumers cut down on sweets by about 50 percent. A <a
href="http://www.fcrn.org.uk/frcnResearch/publications/PDFs/CuaS_web.pdf"
target="_blank">British report</a> (PDF) called that recommendation a
"medium" priority for greening our food choices. (One risk, the
report noted, was attracting accusations of "nanny state misery-guts <span
class=SpellE>spoilsportism</span>"—a pretty good description of how
people react if someone tries to take away their candy.) <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Do sweets
deserve such a bad rap? In total, the National Confectioners Association
projects at least $2.2 billion worth of candy will be sold this Halloween
season—and that's a low estimate, including only what's specifically
marketed for the holiday. That means a lot of extra, nonrecyclable packaging
for all those fun-size candy bars. It also means millions of pounds of cocoa
and corn syrup that needs to be farmed, processed, and shipped. (Now, if you
eat candy instead of dinner on Oct. 31, you may be replacing calories from
other sources—so you can subtract that from your Halloween toll. But the
Lantern guesses that many Halloween candy binges involve a few extra calories,
too.)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>To take a
specific example, consider the Cadbury Dairy Milk bar—which received a
"carbon audit" by the British-based organization Carbon Trust.
According to the analysis, a 49-gram chocolate bar has a <a
href="http://www.foodmanufacture.co.uk/news/fullstory.php/aid/5994/Cadbury_furthers_carbon_footprint_debate.html"
target="_blank">carbon footprint of about 169 grams</a>—a ratio of 3.45
grams of CO<sub>2</sub> for every gram of chocolate. That ratio stacks up
pretty well compared with meat but is a good deal worse than most fruits and
vegetables or bread. Digging down, one interesting result is that the milk used
in the candy bar turns out to be by far the largest component of its carbon footprint—suggesting
that dark chocolate may be an environmentally friendlier choice. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>But other
ingredients in candy create other concerns. Corn syrup—that
now-ubiquitous sweetener that is a major ingredient in many candies—has
been <a
href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/03/06/AR2008030603294.html"
target="_blank">criticized</a> as the product of subsidized
"monoculture" farming that wreaks havoc on the land. Cocoa presents
another problem. Like coffee, cocoa flourishes in many of the world's
biodiversity "hot spots"; as a result, cocoa cultivation has resulted
in the <a
href="http://www.panda.org/about_wwf/what_we_do/policy/agriculture_environment/commodities/cocoa/environmental_impacts/index.cfm"
target="_blank">destruction of millions of acres</a> of environmentally fragile
rainforest. Still, there's a flip side: In Brazil, some
environmentalists—and chocolate manufacturers—argue that more
eco-friendly cocoa cultivation techniques may <a
href="http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=16354380"
target="_blank">offer the best hope</a> of encouraging local farmers to save
the rainforest. The hope is that as the market for carbon credits expands,
cocoa farmers might be <a
href="http://nationalzoo.si.edu/ConservationAndScience/MigratoryBirds/Research/Cacao/newmark.cfm"
target="_blank">paid both for their crops and for the carbon sequestered</a> by
the surrounding forest—creating an incentive against deforestation. In
general, the big candy manufacturers have begun placing a greater emphasis on
sustainable cocoa farming—if for no other reason than to ensure that the
world's cocoa supply <a
href="http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/asiapcf/07/06/eco.chocolate/index.html"
target="_blank">doesn't disappear due to overproduction</a>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>So, how
do you make a greener Halloween? <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Article
continues at: <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2203154/" target="_blank">http://www.slate.com/id/2203154/</a></span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
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style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#0F243E'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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