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<div class=Section1>
<h1 style='margin-top:0in'><b><font size=5 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:16.0pt'>Man vs. Woman vs. Planet<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1>
<h2><font size=4 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:14.0pt'>Who's
worse for the environment: Me or my girlfriend?<o:p></o:p></span></font></h2>
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=author1><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span
style='font-size:11.0pt'>By Nina Shen Rastogi</span></font></span><font size=2
color="#cc0000"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;color:#CC0000'><br>
<span class=dateline1><font color="#cc0000">Posted Tuesday, Nov. 16, 2010, at
6:54 AM ET </font></span></span></font><o:p></o:p></p>
<div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=3
color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>
<hr size=2 width="100%" align=center>
</span></font></div>
<p><strong><b><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Lantern,
help me settle a bet with my girlfriend. Who's greener, men or women? She says
women, because they're not so car-obsessed, but I say guys, because we shop so
much less. So who's right? </span></font></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Sociologists
would probably call this one for your lady friend: There's a long history of
research that indicates women are the greener gender—at least when it
comes to their attitudes and preferences. Since the 1980s, most studies have
found that women are somewhat more likely to express concern about
environmental issues than men are, particularly when the issues are local and
threaten people's health and safety. A <a
href="http://www.springerlink.com/index/llq15510m374583q.pdf" target="_blank">recent
analysis</a> (PDF) of Gallup Poll data from 2001 to 2008 also found that women
take climate change more seriously: They were more likely to say they worried
about global warming "a great deal," that they believed it would
threaten their way of life during their lifetimes, and that the news media
underestimates the seriousness of the problem. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>But
before my sisters start doing a victory lap, note that women only outpaced men
by six to nine percentage points on any given Gallup question. Plus, greater
concern doesn't necessarily translate into greater knowledge: Another recent
survey found that American men and women were equally (and woefully) <a
href="http://www.pnas.org/content/107/37/16054.full" target="_blank">misguided
about the amount of energy used or saved by various activities</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>So women
might have greener hearts—but which gender is eco-friendlier in practice?
There have been fewer studies on that topic, but they too give a slight edge to
women, largely based on driving habits. When Norwegian researchers examined the
data from <a
href="http://www.oecd.org/document/39/0,3343,en_2649_34331_35145204_1_1_1_1,00.html"
target="_blank">a 10-country OECD survey on environmental behavior</a>, for
example, they found that gender didn't have a strong effect on the number of
measures a person took to save energy and water or on their recycling habits.
Single and married men, however, did drive much more than their female
counterparts. (The same case is <a
href="http://www.bts.gov/programs/national_household_travel_survey/daily_travel.htmlhttp:/www.bts.gov/programs/national_household_travel_survey/daily_travel.html"
target="_blank">true for Americans</a>.) In married households, though, men may
be shuttling their wives around, making those allocations more complicated.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Swedish
researchers <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.08.010"
target="_blank">recently corroborated</a> these findings by analyzing household
expenditures in four European countries—how many Euros each gender spent
on everything from gasoline and electricity to food and clothing—and how
those expenditures contribute to energy use. They found that single<strong><b><font
face="Times New Roman"> </font></b></strong>men used more energy than single<strong><b><font
face="Times New Roman"> </font></b></strong>women in Greece and Sweden, while
gender had a statistically insignificant effect in Norway and Germany. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>Men used
more energy in part because they spent more money overall, but their buying
patterns mattered, too. Again, transportation was key. Men consistently used
much more energy than women did on vehicles and fuel—between 23 and 32
gigajoules more per year. (Total energy consumption ranged from 105 gigajoules
for Swedish women to 313 gigajoules for Norwegian men.) In the categories where
women outspent men (like food, hygiene, and health), the differences in energy
consumption were much smaller—five gigajoules or fewer per category. In
an <a href="http://www2.foi.se/rapp/foir2800.pdf" target="_blank">expanded
report</a> (PDF), the researchers calculated that single men in Sweden were
each responsible for about 2.2 metric tons more carbon dioxide emissions than
their single Swedish sisters. That's about as much as the average American car
emits in <a
href="http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html"
target="_blank">five months</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The
Lantern was curious to see if the same patterns applied to American men and
women, so she enlisted the help of <a
href="http://www.ce.cmu.edu/people/faculty/weber.html" target="_blank">Christopher
Weber</a>, an adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon who specializes in this kind
of economic-based environmental analysis. Weber ran some quick-and-dirty
spreadsheet calculations, using spending data from the Bureau of Labor
Statistics' most recent <a href="http://www.bls.gov/cex/tables.htm"
target="_blank">Consumer Expenditure Survey</a> and greenhouse gas figures from<strong><b><font
face="Times New Roman"> </font></b></strong>Carnegie Mellon's 2002 <a
href="http://www.eiolca.net/" target="_blank">Economic Input-Output Life Cycle
Assessment model</a>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><font size=3 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:12.0pt'>The final
result: <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p><strong><b><font size=3 color="#17365d" face="Times New Roman"><span
style='font-size:12.0pt;color:#17365D'>For the final result, go to the Article
URL at</span></font> <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2274276/" target="_blank">http://www.slate.com/id/2274276/</a></b></strong><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#0f243e" face="Lucida Sans"><span
style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:
"Times New Roman";color:#0F243E'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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