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</v:background></xml><![endif]--><div class=WordSection1><h2 style='margin-top:7.5pt;background:white'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font size=5 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:18.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:26.5pt;letter-spacing:.25pt;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'>He Loves Earth, He Loves Earth Not<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h2><h1 style='margin-top:0in;background:white'><b style='mso-ansi-font-weight:normal;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font size=4 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:13.0pt;font-weight:normal'>Are fake flowers better for the planet than fresh ones?<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><font size=2 color="#660033" face=Georgia><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#660033;font-style:italic'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></i></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><i><font size=2 color="#660033" face=Georgia><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";color:#660033;font-style:italic'>By Brian Palmer</span></font></i><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><span class=imagewrapper3><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Forget romance. Are silk flowers the better gift if you are in love with the environment?<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='line-height:18.0pt;background:white'><span class=imagewrapper3><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.25in;line-height:120%;background:white'><strong><b><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>Valentine's Day is arriving. I want to buy flowers for my sweetheart, but it seems like a lot of resources go into growing and delivering a bouquet that will wilt just a few days later. You've suggested </span></font></b></strong><font size=1 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'><a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2188428/"><strong><b><font color="#0066cc" face=Verdana><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>looking for eco-certified bouquets</span></font></b></strong></a><strong><b><font face=Verdana><span style='font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial'>, but would I be better off just buying silk flowers instead?</span></font></b></strong></span></font><strong><b><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></strong></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.25in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>This is a tough one. Comprehensive data aren't available for either real flowers or silk ones, but there's slightly more information available for the real thing—so let's start there. </span></font><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.25in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Imported flowers have come to dominate the U.S. market in the last 40 years, as entrepreneurs and scientists have found ways to make blooms survive intercontinental plane trips. In 1971, just <a href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/people-places/The-Secrets-Behind-Your-Flowers.html" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>8 percent</span></font></a> of the roses, carnations, and chrysanthemums sold in the U.S. were imported. (These three flowers account for the <a href="http://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/Flo/2007/09Sep/FLO2007.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>majority of cut-flower imports</span></font></a>.) By 2003, that number had grown to 91 percent, with most of those flowers coming from Colombia and Ecuador. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.25in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>This shift from local to imported flowers is a mix of good and bad news for the environment. The bad news first: South American growers rely heavily on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. According to a 2007 study by the International Labor Rights Fund (now the International Labor Rights Forum) and the U.S. Labor Education in the Americas Project, <a href="http://www.laborrights.org/creating-a-sweatfree-world/fairness-in-flowers/news/11316" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>20 percent of the chemicals</span></font></a> sprayed on Colombian flowers are illegal in the U.S. or Europe. They have contaminated the soil and <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1551999/" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>caused severe health problems</span></font></a> (PDF) for many workers. There are <a href="http://www.scscertified.com/docs/VeriFlora_Version3_0407F.pdf" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>certification programs</span></font></a> (PDF) for responsible growers, but it's often difficult to determine how any individual bunch of roses was raised. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:.25in;line-height:120%;background:white'><font size=1 color=black face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;line-height:120%;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>On the other hand, flowers grown in equatorial zones and shipped to your local market probably use less total energy than the locally grown equivalent, despite spending five hours on an airplane. February <a href="http://asae.frymulti.com/abstract.asp?aid=25915&t=2" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>isn't prime flower-harvesting season</span></font></a> in most of the U.S., and efficient growing conditions <a href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es702969f" target="_blank"><font color="#0066cc"><span style='color:#0066CC;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>usually trump buyer-producer proximity</span></font></a>. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt'><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:windowtext'><a href="http://http/www.twitter.com/slate" target="_blank"><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'>To continue reading, click on the link in the words below:</span></font></a><span class=MsoHyperlink><font color=black><span style='color:windowtext;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></span></font></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto;line-height:15.0pt'><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font size=3 color="#8db3e2" face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#8DB3E2;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><a href="http://http/www.twitter.com/slate" target="_blank"><font color="#8db3e2"><span style='color:#8DB3E2;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><span style='mso-field-code:" HYPERLINK \0022http\:\/\/slate\.us2\.list-manage\.com\/track\/click?u=c05b76ecf68cd5e5448448316&id=85c96417b0&e=cd6fd8546e\0022 "'><font size=1 face=Verdana><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"'>Valentine's Day: Are silk flowers better for the environment than fresh ones? </span></font></span></span></font></a></span></font></b><span class=MsoHyperlink><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><font color="#8db3e2" face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;color:#8DB3E2;font-weight:bold;mso-bidi-font-weight:normal;text-decoration:none;text-underline:none'><o:p></o:p></span></font></b></span></p></div></body></html>