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</v:background></xml><![endif]--><div class=WordSection1><h1 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><b><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>Disoriented in the Dairy Aisle<o:p></o:p></span></font></b></h1><h2 style='mso-margin-top-alt:0in;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0in'><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt'>Should I buy milk in glass, plastic, or cardboard containers?<o:p></o:p></span></font></h2><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><span class=author><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt'>By Brian Palmer</span></font></span><font size=2><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><br><span class=dateline>Posted Tuesday, March 1, 2011, at 7:03 AM ET </span><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></font></div><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><strong><b><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>I'm baffled by all the choices there are when it comes to buying milk. How can the glandular secretions from a single ungulate arrive in so many different types of packaging? Does it matter if I buy it in plastic, cardboard, or glass?</span></font></b></strong><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The Lantern wonders whether the first humans to wring milk from a cow's udder around <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2213121/" target="_blank">9,000 years ago</a> had any idea what kind of environmental consternation they were unleashing. Leaving aside the questions of cow versus goat versus sheep, and whether we'd be better off just <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2195690/" target="_blank">getting our milk from beans</a>, we might very well consider which milk containers are easiest on the planet.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>First, a quick review of the main choices. Most plastic milk containers are made from high-density polyethylene, also known as HDPE or No. 2 plastic. Plastic milk jugs have a lot going for them. At just 4 ounces per half-gallon container, they're so light that relatively little energy is required to ship them from the manufacturer to the dairy, and then on to the retailer and finally the consumer's home. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>The jugs are also recyclable, at least in theory. While plastic bottles can be melted down and made into new bottles, none of the milk containers in the United States are actually made from recycled material. That's because of safety concerns over bacterial and chemical contamination, and strict FDA guidelines for the manufacture of food packaging from such second-hand sources. When it's reclaimed, plastic from milk bottles is usually turned into toothbrushes, flower pots, and children's toys, among other things. But according to the EPA, just <a href="http://www.epa.gov/osw/nonhaz/municipal/" target="_blank">28.9 percent</a> of it ends up in the recycling bin. The rest may spend hundreds of years decomposing in a landfill. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>A second kind of milk container—the gable-top carton—is made from paperboard and coated with a layer of low-density polyethylene. Like the plastic bottle, gable-top cartons are made from virgin materials. Recycled paper isn't as strong as the stuff straight from the trees, so a recycled container capable of carrying that much milk would have to be much thicker, heavier, and more expensive.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>Paperboard is made of trees, a renewable resource, which is good. And they're only 1 ounce (25 percent) heavier than plastic bottles. But the environmental positives end there. Making paper is a resource-intensive process, requiring huge amounts of water, fossil fuels, and chemical bleaches. While major manufacturers have <a href="http://www.rwbeck.com/Files/InsightDocs/Art_10_SW_Dorn.pdf" target="_blank">launched a campaign</a> (PDF) to get municipalities recycling both the paper and the plastic content of gable-top cartons, most Americans have no choice but to send them off to the landfill. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'>And then there are the milk containers made of glass. The major ingredients—sand, soda ash, and limestone—aren't renewable, but they are plentiful. (Sand is, incidentally, one of the <a href="http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/0db3a864-32f6-11df-bf5f-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1DoeC15aF" target="_blank">main exports</a> of North Korea. Just a bit of trivia.) Producing a milk bottle's worth of glass takes a substantial amount of energy, since the stuff has to be heated to more than <a href="http://www.treehugger.com/files/2004/11/ecotip_glass_a.php" target="_blank">2,700 degrees</a> Fahrenheit. (It's still more energy-intensive to make a plastic container from paperboard, however.) Fortunately, if consumers return their bottles, the energy required to sterilize and refill them is far less than what's required to make a new gable-top carton.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p><p style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><strong><b><font size=2 color="#0f243e" face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#0F243E'>Article continues at URL</span></font></b></strong><strong><b><font size=2 face="Times New Roman"><span style='font-size:10.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>: <a href="http://www.slate.com/id/2285529/" target="_blank"><font face=Arial><span style='font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>http://www.slate.com/id/2285529/</span></font></a></span></font></b></strong><font size=2 face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif"'><o:p></o:p></span></font></p><div class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><font size=2 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:10.0pt'><hr size=2 width="100%" align=center></span></font></div><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-bottom:12.0pt'><font size=3 color=black face=Arial><span style='font-size:12.0pt'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p><p class=MsoNormal><font size=2 color="#0f243e" face="Lucida Sans"><span style='font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Lucida Sans","sans-serif";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#0F243E'><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p></div></body></html>